{
  "id": "df-31",
  "name": "DF-31",
  "aliases": [
    "Dongfeng-31",
    "CSS-10"
  ],
  "domain": "missile",
  "country": "CHN",
  "category": "Intercontinental ballistic missile",
  "status": "in-service",
  "fielded": 2006,
  "operators": [
    "CHN"
  ],
  "prolif_count": 2,
  "summary": "The Dongfeng 31 (DF-31/CSS-10) is a Chinese intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). This three-stage, solid-fueled missile has an estimated range of 7,000 to 11,700 kilometers.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Manufacturer",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "First Academy of the Ministry of Aerospace Industries (now China Aerospace Sciences and Industry Corp., CASIC), Beijing, China (design) Academy of Rocket…",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Basing",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "Road-mobile TEL",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Propulsion",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "three-stage solid-propellant rocket",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Guidance",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "inertial/fiber optic",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Launch preparation",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "10-15 min",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "warhead",
      "v": "1 x 1-3 MT or 3 x 20 kT, 90 kT, 150 kT, selectable",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "range_max_km",
      "v": 11700,
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Accuracy (CEP)",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "150 – 300 m circular error probable (CEP)",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "length_m",
      "v": 15,
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "diameter_m",
      "v": 2,
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "launch_weight_kg",
      "v": 42000,
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [],
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "DF-31A (CSS-10 Mod 2)",
      "text": "In 2007, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army introduced an improved version of the DF-31 called the DF-31A (CSS-10 Mod 2). First tested in 1999, the DF-31A incorporates lightened guidance and other unspecified improvements to extend its range past 11,000 km.",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "DF-31AG",
      "text": "In 2017, China publicly displayed the DF-31AG, a variant of the DF-31A with an upgraded launcher and lower support requirements. Developed by the China Aerospace Science Corporation (CASC) and the Tai’an Special Vehicle Company, the DF-31AG’s wheeled TEL can…",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "DF-31BJ",
      "text": "The DF-31BJ Chinese Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) is a vital part of China's developing nuclear triad, which includes land-based ICBMs, submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and air-launched ballistic missiles (ALBMs).",
      "src": [
        "weg-df-31"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "art": "tel-heavy",
  "image": {
    "file": "df-31.jpg",
    "thumb": "df-31-thumb.jpg",
    "credit": "Tyg728",
    "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DF-31_ballistic_missiles_20170919.jpg",
    "title": "File:DF-31 ballistic missiles 20170919.jpg"
  },
  "verified": null,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "change": "Entry created from the Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "change": "Editorial correction: Source card lists DF-21 alias and Pakistan as operator; corrected"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-06",
      "change": "Added photo (CC BY-SA 4.0)"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/df-31.html",
  "sources": {
    "weg-df-31": {
      "title": "DF-31 (Dongfeng 31) Chinese Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)",
      "publisher": "U.S. Army TRADOC G-2 Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)",
      "url": "https://odin.t2com.army.mil/WEG/Asset/DF-31_Dongfeng_31_Chinese_Intercontinental_Ballistic_Missile",
      "published": "2026-03-20",
      "tier": 1,
      "checked": "2026-10-10"
    }
  }
}