{
  "id": "tos-1a",
  "name": "TOS-1A Solntsepek",
  "aliases": [],
  "domain": "land",
  "country": "RUS",
  "category": "220 mm heavy flamethrower (thermobaric rocket) system",
  "status": "in-service",
  "fielded": 2011,
  "operators": [
    "ARM",
    "AZE",
    "DZA",
    "IRQ",
    "JOR",
    "KAZ",
    "RUS",
    "SAU",
    "SYR"
  ],
  "prolif_count": 10,
  "summary": "The TOS-1A Solntsepek Russian 220mm Heavy Flamethrower System is an improved version of the TOS-1. Its launch vehicle is designated BM-1 and is designed to perform the same missions as the original vehicle.",
  "specs": [
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Manufacturer",
      "section": "system",
      "v": "Omsk Transmash Design Bureau",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "crew",
      "v": 3,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Chassis",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "Modified T-72 main battle tank chassis",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "length_m",
      "v": 6.86,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "width_m",
      "v": 3.46,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "height_m",
      "v": 2.6,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "combat_weight_t",
      "v": 44.3,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "engine_name",
      "v": "V-84M",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "engine_hp",
      "v": 840,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "road_range_km",
      "v": 550,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "speed_road_kmh",
      "v": 60,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Fording depth",
      "section": "mobility",
      "v": "1.2 m",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Computerized FCS",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Yes, A Modern Fire Control System",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Ballistic Computer",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Yes",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Laser Rangefinder",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "Yes",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Combined Sight and Rangefinder",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "1 x 1D14 T Range Finder",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "1D14 t Sight/Rangefinder Accuracy",
      "section": "firecontrol",
      "v": "10 m",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Hull Armor",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Steel and composite armor with ERA, equivalent to 500-600 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA).",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Turret Armor",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Steel and composite armour with ERA, equivalent to 500-600 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA)",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Applique Armor",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Available, Turret top and track skirts. The launcher is fitted with additional protection that is sufficient to stop a B32 armor piercing bullet.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Explosive reactive armor",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Yes, Kontakt-5",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Active Protection System",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Yes, ZETS11-3 control panel",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "NBC Protection",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Yes, System Sensor Radiation Device and chemical intelligence (PRRM)",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "",
      "label": "Smoke Equipment",
      "section": "protection",
      "v": "Yes, Grenade launcher 8x; VESS and The TOS-1 can create a smoke screen by injecting fuel into the exhaust and this effect can be employed for no more than 10 minutes, using 10 litres of fuel per minute when in use.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium"
    },
    {
      "k": "range_max_km",
      "v": 6,
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "label": "Maximum firing range",
      "note": "Longest-range ammunition listed"
    }
  ],
  "payloads": [
    {
      "name": "Heavy Flamethrower",
      "role": "220 mm ammunition",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Muzzle velocity": "INA",
        "Warhead": "Thermobaric warhead (MO.1.01.04.01)"
      },
      "range_km": 6,
      "qty": "24 total 220mm Projectiles"
    },
    {
      "name": "Incendiary rocket",
      "role": "220 mm ammunition",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ],
      "conf": "medium",
      "caps": {
        "Muzzle velocity": "INA",
        "Warhead": "Incendiary"
      },
      "range_km": 6,
      "qty": "24 total 220 mm Projectiles"
    }
  ],
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "TOS-1 Buratino",
      "text": "The TOS-1 Buratino is the original variant of the TOS family; it is equipped with a 30 tube rocket launcher and based on a T-72 main battle tank. It is designed to provide massed indirect and direct fire support.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "TZM-T",
      "text": "A support vehicle designed to provide the TOS-1A with rocket reloads on the battlefield. Like the TOS-1A it is based on the hull of a T-72 and carries a full set of rockets.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "TOS-2",
      "text": "A newer heavy flamethrower system, based on Ural-63704-0010 military truck with 6x6 configuration.",
      "src": [
        "weg-tos-1a"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "art": "tracked-launcher",
  "image": {
    "file": "tos-1a.jpg",
    "thumb": "tos-1a-thumb.jpg",
    "credit": "Vitaly V. Kuzmin",
    "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Army2016-487.jpg",
    "title": "File:Army2016-487.jpg"
  },
  "verified": null,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-04",
      "change": "Entry created from the Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "change": "Added photo (CC BY-SA 4.0)"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://www.defensepedia.com/systems/tos-1a.html",
  "sources": {
    "weg-tos-1a": {
      "title": "TOS-1A Solntsepek Russian 220mm Heavy Flamethrower System",
      "publisher": "U.S. Army TRADOC G-2 Worldwide Equipment Guide (ODIN)",
      "url": "https://odin.t2com.army.mil/WEG/Asset/TOS-1A_Solntsepek_Russian_220mm_Heavy_Flamethrower_System",
      "published": "2026-03-20",
      "tier": 1,
      "checked": "2026-10-10"
    }
  }
}